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Stand-Alone Instruments
News Release from: Keithley Instruments | Subject: Model 2182A
Edited by the Electronicstalk Editorial
Team on 16 July 2004
Nanovoltmeter cuts through the noise
The Model 2182A nanovoltmeter is optimised for making low noise measurements in research, metrology, nanotechnology, superconductivity and other low-voltage/resistance applications.
The Model 2182A nanovoltmeter is optimised for making low noise measurements in research, metrology, nanotechnology, superconductivity and other low-voltage/resistance applications The Model 2182A brings a powerful new set of capabilities to researchers when used in conjunction with Keithley's recently introduced models 6220 DC current source and 6221 AC/DC current source; users now are able to make resistance measurements, pulsed I/V measurements, and differential conductance measurements faster and more accurately than previously possible, in many cases eliminating the need for an expensive lock-in amplifier or AC resistance bridge
This article was originally published on Electronicstalk on 19 Jun 2008 at 8.00am (UK)
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The combination is also useful in many nanotechnology applications because of its ability to measure resistance while dissipating very little power in the device under test (DUT).
The Model 2182A is able to minimise DC drift and noise common to low-voltage measurements with rapid measurement speeds beyond those achievable by previous nanovoltmeters or sensitive DMMs.
The instrument is able to make 15nV peak-to-peak measurements at 1s response times and 40-50nV peak-peak measurements at 60ms times.
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The unit features a built-in delta mode to co-ordinate measurements with a reversing current source (one-button operation when used with Keithley models 6220/6221) at up to 24Hz with 3nV/(rt)Hz noise, creating a system optimised for precision measurements of low resistance materials or devices.
The new delta mode operation alternates nearly three times faster than its predecessor model, reducing measurement noise by nearly a factor of two.
In addition, the new delta mode incorporates a new cancellation method that reduces the effects due to changing thermoelectric voltages by a factor of ten compared with its predecessor.
By synchronising to line frequency, the Model 2182A provides 110dB rejection to noise at line frequency and minimises the effect of AC common-mode currents.
The unit offers two channels for measuring voltage or temperature.
Or, the second channel can be used for reading the ratio of an unknown resistance directly to a reference resistor.
Built-in thermocouple calculations for types J, K, N, T, E, R, S and B are provided.
Integrating the Model 2182A with either of Keithley's new current sources, models 6220 or 6221, creates a powerful test system capable of acting as a single instrument.
When linked with the Ethernet-enabled Model 6221, the combined system effectively operates as an Internet-controlled nanovoltmeter system, allowing customers to control both sourcing and measuring through a single Internet IP address.
Key capabilities of the Model 2182A combined with the models 6220 or 6221 include: a wide measurement range, from 10nohm (lowest noise) to 1Gohm; and the ability to perform differential conductance measurements 10x faster and with lower noise than by existing solutions, including lock-in amplifiers and AC resistance bridges.
When combined with the Model 6221, the Model 2182A can support pulsed resistance and pulsed I/V measurements with pulses as short as 50us, even at low currents.
Short pulses mean less power put into the DUT, which is particularly important in very small devices where even a small amount of power may be enough to destroy the device or produce an invalid reading.
To eliminate DC offsets and line frequency noise in these sensitive pulse measurements, the 6221/2182A pulsed mode uses both line synchronisation and delta-mode techniques.
Delivery of the Keithley Model 2182A nanovoltmeter is eight weeks ARO. Request a free brochure from Keithley Instruments ...
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